Station Name: Hakodate WMO Station Number: 47430 National I.D. Number: Country: JAPAN WMO Region: REGION II - ASIA Latitude: 41d 49m N Longitude: 140d 45m E Elevation: 33 m In the following tables, byr = beginning year of normals or extremes data period eyr = ending year of normals or extremes data period NA = Not Applicable, data not submitted or not computed * = value > 0 but < units resolution Ann-NCDC = annual value computed by NCDC from monthly values provided by Members ========================================================== The normals data and climate variable descriptions are presented in these tables as provided by the WMO Member country. ========================================================== Element 01: Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV Month -------------------------- Jan -3.4 1.3 Feb -3.0 1.5 Mar .6 1.3 Apr 6.6 1.1 May 11.5 .8 Jun 15.3 1.0 Jul 19.3 1.3 Aug 21.6 1.2 Sep 17.5 1.0 Oct 11.3 1.0 Nov 5.1 1.3 Dec -.4 1.6 Annual 8.5 .6 Ann-NCDC 8.5 NA -------------------------- Element 02: Maximum Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value MIN_MLY (Statistic 20): Minimum Monthly Value MAX_MLY (Statistic 26): Maximum Monthly Value ------------------------------------------ byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV MIN_MLY MAX_MLY Month ------------------------------------------ Jan .1 1.2 -2.7 2.9 Feb .6 1.4 -2.2 4.1 Mar 4.5 1.5 1.5 7.9 Apr 11.2 1.3 8.4 14.2 May 16.4 1.0 14.1 18.0 Jun 19.5 1.2 16.3 21.6 Jul 23.2 1.6 19.2 27.2 Aug 25.5 1.4 21.4 28.6 Sep 22.0 .9 20.4 24.2 Oct 16.3 1.0 14.4 18.3 Nov 9.3 1.4 5.6 12.3 Dec 3.1 1.7 -.9 6.1 Annual 12.6 .6 11.8 14.5 Ann-NCDC 12.6 NA NA NA ------------------------------------------ Element 03: Minimum Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value MIN_MLY (Statistic 20): Minimum Monthly Value MAX_MLY (Statistic 26): Maximum Monthly Value ------------------------------------------ byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV MIN_MLY MAX_MLY Month ------------------------------------------ Jan -7.4 1.4 -10.0 -4.7 Feb -7.2 1.7 -10.7 -2.9 Mar -3.4 1.4 -7.0 -.3 Apr 2.0 1.1 -.2 4.2 May 6.8 .8 5.6 8.9 Jun 11.4 1.0 10.1 14.0 Jul 16.0 1.2 13.5 19.2 Aug 18.1 1.2 15.3 20.6 Sep 13.1 1.3 11.1 16.0 Oct 6.2 1.2 4.3 8.6 Nov .7 1.2 -1.7 3.6 Dec -4.2 1.7 -7.8 -.7 Annual 4.4 .7 3.3 6.4 Ann-NCDC 4.3 NA NA NA ------------------------------------------ Element 06: Precipitation (mm) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value MIN_MLY (Statistic 20): Minimum Monthly Value QUIN20% (Statistic 22): First Quintile QUIN40% (Statistic 23): Second Quintile QUIN60% (Statistic 24): Third Quintile QUIN80% (Statistic 25): Fourth Quintile MAX_MLY (Statistic 26): Maximum Monthly Value ------------------------------------------------------------------ byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MEANMLY MIN_MLY QUIN20% QUIN40% QUIN60% QUIN80% MAX_MLY Month ------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan 71.3 21.8 49.2 57.0 70.2 98.0 173.2 Feb 58.5 16.5 36.8 45.2 59.1 77.7 162.0 Mar 62.3 31.5 39.2 52.9 61.2 78.0 172.5 Apr 77.3 30.5 49.9 63.1 78.1 103.7 210.3 May 72.4 23.0 50.0 59.3 72.5 101.6 131.5 Jun 81.5 24.0 51.4 62.0 81.1 120.2 182.3 Jul 114.0 8.5 55.0 85.6 130.7 165.5 258.8 Aug 157.6 39.0 84.0 127.0 158.5 220.2 430.5 Sep 175.9 57.0 76.0 146.0 181.8 264.5 506.3 Oct 99.9 26.0 56.0 80.0 116.5 138.7 203.5 Nov 103.6 29.5 75.7 87.0 107.5 138.0 193.0 Dec 80.7 42.5 55.7 67.3 79.0 111.6 157.4 Annual 1154.9 673.0 1051.7 1109.6 1165.0 1313.6 1510.5 Ann-NCDC 1155.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA ------------------------------------------------------------------ Element 09: Snowfall (cm) MNDLYMX (Statistic 09): Mean Daily Maximum Value MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value MIN_MLY (Statistic 20): Minimum Monthly Value MAX_MLY (Statistic 26): Maximum Monthly Value ------------------------------------------ byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MNDLYMX MEANMLY MIN_MLY MAX_MLY Month ------------------------------------------ Jan 16 90 29 144 Feb 14 69 6 168 Mar 9 33 3 93 Apr 3 4 0 26 May * * 0 * Jun 0 0 0 0 Jul 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 0 0 0 Sep 0 0 0 0 Oct * * 0 * Nov 10 25 * 87 Dec 19 76 23 183 Annual 24 299 137 496 Ann-NCDC NA 297.0 NA NA ------------------------------------------ Element 10: Snow Depth (cm) MAX_VAL (Statistic 04): Maximum Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 35 Feb 40 Mar 29 Apr 3 May 0 Jun 0 Jul 0 Aug 0 Sep 0 Oct * Nov 12 Dec 24 Annual 44 Ann-NCDC NA ------------------ Element 11: Relative Humidity (%) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value MN03LST (Statistic 73): Mean of Observations at 0300 LST MN09LST (Statistic 79): Mean of Observations at 0900 LST MN15LST (Statistic 85): Mean of Observations at 1500 LST MN21LST (Statistic 91): Mean of Observations at 2100 LST ---------------------------------------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV MN03LST MN09LST MN15LST MN21LST Month ---------------------------------------------------------- Jan 75 2 79 76 70 77 Feb 74 3 78 74 68 76 Mar 72 3 78 69 64 75 Apr 70 4 80 66 60 75 May 74 3 84 70 63 79 Jun 82 4 90 78 72 86 Jul 84 3 92 81 76 88 Aug 83 3 91 79 74 87 Sep 78 3 88 73 67 85 Oct 73 3 83 68 61 80 Nov 73 3 79 71 65 77 Dec 75 3 78 75 69 77 Annual 76 2 83 73 67 80 Ann-NCDC 76.1 NA 83.3 73.3 67.4 80.2 ---------------------------------------------------------- Element 12: Sea Level Pressure (hPa) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV Month -------------------------- Jan 1013.1 3.8 Feb 1014.3 2.8 Mar 1014.1 2.3 Apr 1014.6 2.6 May 1011.3 1.5 Jun 1009.8 1.6 Jul 1009.0 1.7 Aug 1009.5 1.5 Sep 1013.1 1.4 Oct 1016.3 1.9 Nov 1016.7 2.2 Dec 1014.8 2.3 Annual 1013.1 .7 Ann-NCDC 1013.0 NA -------------------------- Element 13: Station Pressure (hPa) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV Month -------------------------- Jan 1008.6 3.7 Feb 1009.8 2.8 Mar 1009.6 2.3 Apr 1010.2 2.6 May 1007.0 1.5 Jun 1005.6 1.5 Jul 1004.9 1.7 Aug 1005.4 1.5 Sep 1008.9 1.4 Oct 1012.0 1.9 Nov 1012.3 2.2 Dec 1010.3 2.3 Annual 1008.7 .7 Ann-NCDC 1008.7 NA -------------------------- Element 14: Vapor Pressure (hPa) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV Month -------------------------- Jan 3.7 .3 Feb 3.8 .4 Mar 4.7 .4 Apr 7.0 .6 May 10.1 .6 Jun 14.1 1.0 Jul 19.1 1.7 Aug 21.5 1.7 Sep 16.0 1.2 Oct 10.2 .9 Nov 6.8 .7 Dec 4.6 .5 Annual 10.1 .5 Ann-NCDC 10.1 NA -------------------------- Element 15: Sunshine %OFPOSS (Statistic 37): Percent of Possible MN_#HRS (Statistic 44): Mean Number of Hours -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: %OFPOSS MN_#HRS Month -------------------------- Jan 36.0 106.1 Feb 39.0 115.2 Mar 44.0 163.6 Apr 47.0 185.9 May 46.0 204.3 Jun 38.0 171.2 Jul 32.0 146.3 Aug 36.0 152.0 Sep 42.0 158.7 Oct 49.0 169.1 Nov 37.0 110.1 Dec 31.0 88.1 Annual 40.0 1770.6 Ann-NCDC NA 1770.6 -------------------------- Element 16: Wind Speed (m/sec) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value ------------------ byr: 1975 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 2.7 Feb 2.6 Mar 3.0 Apr 3.1 May 2.8 Jun 2.5 Jul 2.3 Aug 2.5 Sep 2.5 Oct 2.7 Nov 2.9 Dec 2.7 Annual 2.7 Ann-NCDC 2.7 ------------------ Element 17: Wind Direction (degrees) Statistic 38: Frequency Qualifier: 022.5 degrees Qualifier: 045.0 degrees Qualifier: 067.5 degrees Qualifier: 090.0 degrees Qualifier: 112.5 degrees Qualifier: 135.0 degrees Qualifier: 157.5 degrees Qualifier: 180.0 degrees Qualifier: 202.5 degrees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- byr: 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 022.5 045.0 067.5 090.0 112.5 135.0 157.5 180.0 202.5 Month ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jan .060 .030 .020 .030 .020 .010 .010 .010 .010 Feb .060 .040 .040 .060 .030 .010 .010 .010 .010 Mar .060 .040 .040 .090 .050 .020 .020 .010 .020 Apr .050 .040 .040 .110 .070 .040 .050 .040 .040 May .040 .030 .050 .110 .090 .070 .080 .050 .050 Jun .030 .030 .050 .180 .130 .090 .090 .060 .040 Jul .030 .030 .050 .190 .150 .080 .090 .060 .040 Aug .050 .040 .050 .200 .130 .060 .070 .050 .040 Sep .080 .060 .070 .140 .090 .040 .050 .030 .030 Oct .090 .070 .050 .070 .040 .030 .030 .030 .020 Nov .070 .050 .040 .050 .030 .020 .020 .010 .020 Dec .060 .030 .030 .020 .010 .010 .010 .010 * Annual .060 .040 .040 .100 .070 .040 .040 .030 .030 Ann-NCDC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Element 17: Wind Direction (degrees) Statistic 38: Frequency Qualifier: 225.0 degrees Qualifier: 247.5 degrees Qualifier: 270.0 degrees Qualifier: 292.5 degrees Qualifier: 315.0 degrees Qualifier: 337.5 degrees Qualifier: 360.0 degrees ------------------------------------------------------------------ byr: 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 225.0 247.5 270.0 292.5 315.0 337.5 360.0 Month ------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan .020 .050 .180 .280 .150 .070 .070 Feb .020 .040 .160 .240 .140 .070 .060 Mar .040 .050 .140 .190 .140 .050 .050 Apr .070 .070 .120 .110 .080 .040 .040 May .070 .060 .090 .090 .060 .030 .040 Jun .050 .050 .050 .060 .040 .020 .020 Jul .050 .050 .050 .050 .030 .030 .020 Aug .050 .050 .060 .050 .040 .030 .040 Sep .040 .040 .070 .090 .070 .040 .070 Oct .030 .050 .120 .140 .100 .060 .070 Nov .030 .060 .170 .210 .130 .050 .050 Dec .020 .060 .170 .280 .160 .060 .060 Annual .040 .050 .120 .150 .100 .050 .050 Ann-NCDC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ------------------------------------------------------------------ Element 17: Wind Direction (degrees) PREVAIL (Statistic 41): Prevailing ------------------ byr: 1975 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 292.5 Feb 292.5 Mar 292.5 Apr 270.0 May 90.0 Jun 90.0 Jul 90.0 Aug 90.0 Sep 90.0 Oct 292.5 Nov 292.5 Dec 292.5 Annual 292.5 Ann-NCDC NA ------------------ Element 20: Sky Cover (Cloud Cover) (okta) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 5.6 Feb 5.7 Mar 5.1 Apr 5.0 May 5.1 Jun 5.8 Jul 6.3 Aug 5.9 Sep 5.2 Oct 4.4 Nov 5.4 Dec 5.8 Annual 5.4 Ann-NCDC 5.4 ------------------ Element 33: Global Solar Radiation (MJ/m2) MEANDLY (Statistic 06): Mean Daily Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 6.5 Feb 9.3 Mar 12.5 Apr 15.1 May 17.3 Jun 17.0 Jul 15.7 Aug 14.4 Sep 12.0 Oct 9.8 Nov 6.2 Dec 5.0 Annual 11.7 Ann-NCDC NA ------------------ Element 51: Number Days with Thunder (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .1 Feb .1 Mar .3 Apr .2 May .6 Jun .8 Jul .7 Aug 2.1 Sep 1.8 Oct 1.7 Nov 1.1 Dec .3 Annual 9.9 Ann-NCDC 9.8 ------------------ Element 56: Number Days with Snowfall (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 27.0 Feb 23.5 Mar 19.9 Apr 3.8 May .1 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .6 Nov 10.2 Dec 22.3 Annual 107.3 Ann-NCDC 107.4 ------------------ Element 73: Number Days with no Sunshine (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 3.2 Feb 2.7 Mar 2.9 Apr 3.8 May 4.1 Jun 5.3 Jul 5.9 Aug 5.0 Sep 4.0 Oct 2.7 Nov 2.6 Dec 3.8 Annual 46.1 Ann-NCDC 46.0 ------------------ Element 83: Number Days Maximum Temperature GE Threshold (count) Statistic 15: Mean Monthly Value Qualifier: 25.0 deg C Qualifier: 30.0 deg C -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Qualifier: 25.0 30.0 Month -------------------------- Jan .0 .0 Feb .0 .0 Mar .0 .0 Apr .0 .0 May .2 .0 Jun .9 .0 Jul 10.3 .9 Aug 18.6 1.7 Sep 3.6 .0 Oct .0 .0 Nov .0 .0 Dec .0 .0 Annual 33.5 2.6 Ann-NCDC 33.6 2.6 -------------------------- Element 86: Number Days Minimum Temperature GE Threshold (count) Qualifier: 25.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .0 Feb .0 Mar .0 Apr .0 May .0 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .0 Nov .0 Dec .0 Annual .0 Ann-NCDC 0.0 ------------------ Element 87: Number Days Mean Temperature GE Threshold (count) Qualifier: 25.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .0 Feb .0 Mar .0 Apr .0 May .0 Jun .0 Jul .6 Aug 2.4 Sep .1 Oct .0 Nov .0 Dec .0 Annual 3.0 Ann-NCDC 3.1 ------------------ Element 91: Number Days Maximum Temperature LT Threshold (count) Qualifier: 0.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 15.0 Feb 12.0 Mar 2.5 Apr .0 May .0 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .0 Nov .9 Dec 7.5 Annual 37.9 Ann-NCDC 37.9 ------------------ Element 93: Number Days Minimum Temperature LT Threshold (count) Qualifier: 0.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 30.4 Feb 27.2 Mar 26.1 Apr 7.5 May .1 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .5 Nov 13.7 Dec 26.6 Annual 132.1 Ann-NCDC 132.1 ------------------ Element 95: Number Days with Precipitation GE Threshold (count) Statistic 15: Mean Monthly Value Qualifier: 0.5 mm Qualifier: 1.0 mm Qualifier: 10.0 mm Qualifier: 30.0 mm Qualifier: 50.0 mm Qualifier: 70.0 mm Qualifier: 100.0 mm ------------------------------------------------------------------ byr: 1968 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 0.5 1.0 10.0 30.0 50.0 70.0 100.0 Month ------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan 20.4 15.7 .9 .1 .1 * .0 Feb 16.0 12.7 1.2 .1 * .0 .0 Mar 15.0 11.5 1.4 .1 * * * Apr 10.8 9.1 2.6 .4 .0 .0 .0 May 10.7 8.7 2.5 .3 .0 .0 .0 Jun 8.9 7.7 2.7 .5 .2 .0 .0 Jul 9.5 8.9 3.6 1.2 .4 .0 .0 Aug 11.2 9.8 4.7 1.7 .7 .3 .1 Sep 11.7 11.1 4.8 1.9 .8 .4 .2 Oct 12.0 9.9 3.1 .6 .3 .1 .0 Nov 16.1 13.3 3.4 .4 .1 * .0 Dec 19.7 15.5 1.8 * .0 .0 .0 Annual 161.9 133.9 32.6 7.3 2.5 .9 .3 Ann-NCDC 162.0 133.9 32.7 7.3 2.6 0.8 0.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Element BH: Number Days Mean Temperature LT Threshold (count) Qualifier: 0.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 26.0 Feb 22.8 Mar 12.5 Apr .3 May .0 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .0 Nov 3.5 Dec 16.4 Annual 81.5 Ann-NCDC 81.5 ------------------ Element BJ: Number Days with Fog (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .1 Feb * Mar .2 Apr 1.3 May 2.4 Jun 3.9 Jul 4.6 Aug 1.3 Sep .2 Oct * Nov .0 Dec .1 Annual 14.1 Ann-NCDC 14.1 ------------------ Element BM: Number Days with Daily Maximum Wind Speed GE Threshold (count) Statistic 15: Mean Monthly Value Qualifier: 10.0 m/sec Qualifier: 15.0 m/sec Qualifier: 20.0 m/sec Qualifier: 30.0 m/sec ------------------------------------------ byr: 1975 1975 1975 1975 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 10.0 15.0 20.0 30.0 Month ------------------------------------------ Jan .9 .0 .0 .0 Feb .7 .0 .0 .0 Mar 1.3 .0 .0 .0 Apr 2.1 .1 .0 .0 May .9 .0 .0 .0 Jun .3 .0 .0 .0 Jul .1 .0 .0 .0 Aug .6 .0 .0 .0 Sep .5 .0 .0 .0 Oct 1.7 .1 .0 .0 Nov 1.3 .0 .0 .0 Dec 1.1 .1 .0 .0 Annual 11.4 .2 .0 .0 Ann-NCDC 11.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 ------------------------------------------ Element BT: Number Days with Occurrence of Rain (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1968 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 28.0 Feb 24.7 Mar 24.3 Apr 17.1 May 17.6 Jun 15.9 Jul 17.3 Aug 18.2 Sep 18.1 Oct 19.3 Nov 23.1 Dec 27.5 Annual 251.1 Ann-NCDC 251.1 ------------------ Element BW: Number Days with Daily Maximum Snow Cover GE Threshold (count) Statistic 15: Mean Monthly Value Qualifier: 0.0 cm Qualifier: 5.0 cm Qualifier: 10.0 cm Qualifier: 20.0 cm Qualifier: 50.0 cm Qualifier: 100.0 cm ---------------------------------------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 0.0 5.0 10.0 20.0 50.0 100.0 Month ---------------------------------------------------------- Jan 29.8 26.3 23.2 14.8 .6 .0 Feb 27.3 25.4 23.4 18.3 3.1 .0 Mar 19.8 13.1 10.3 6.9 1.3 .0 Apr 1.6 .6 .3 .1 .0 .0 May .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Jun .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Jul .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Aug .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Sep .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Oct .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Nov 7.8 2.8 1.1 .2 .0 .0 Dec 23.3 16.6 10.7 3.3 * .0 Annual 109.7 84.8 68.9 43.5 5.0 .0 Ann-NCDC 109.7 84.8 69.0 43.6 5.0 0.0 ----------------------------------------------------------