Station Name: Minamidaitojima WMO Station Number: 47945 National I.D. Number: Country: JAPAN WMO Region: REGION II - ASIA Latitude: 25d 50m N Longitude: 131d 14m E Elevation: 14 m In the following tables, byr = beginning year of normals or extremes data period eyr = ending year of normals or extremes data period NA = Not Applicable, data not submitted or not computed * = value > 0 but < units resolution Ann-NCDC = annual value computed by NCDC from monthly values provided by Members ========================================================== The normals data and climate variable descriptions are presented in these tables as provided by the WMO Member country. ========================================================== Element 01: Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV Month -------------------------- Jan 17.1 1.2 Feb 17.4 1.0 Mar 18.8 .9 Apr 21.4 1.0 May 23.9 .8 Jun 26.3 .8 Jul 28.1 .7 Aug 27.9 .5 Sep 27.2 .6 Oct 25.1 .8 Nov 22.3 .8 Dec 19.0 .9 Annual 22.9 .3 Ann-NCDC 22.9 NA -------------------------- Element 02: Maximum Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value MIN_MLY (Statistic 20): Minimum Monthly Value MAX_MLY (Statistic 26): Maximum Monthly Value ------------------------------------------ byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV MIN_MLY MAX_MLY Month ------------------------------------------ Jan 20.1 1.1 17.2 22.3 Feb 20.4 1.1 18.2 22.4 Mar 21.9 .9 20.3 23.6 Apr 24.6 1.1 22.8 27.5 May 26.9 .8 25.0 28.5 Jun 29.0 .9 27.5 31.6 Jul 31.2 .8 28.8 32.6 Aug 30.9 .6 29.7 32.5 Sep 30.5 .7 29.2 31.7 Oct 28.1 .7 26.8 30.0 Nov 25.0 .8 23.6 26.4 Dec 21.8 .8 20.0 23.7 Annual 25.9 .3 25.2 26.5 Ann-NCDC 25.9 NA NA NA ------------------------------------------ Element 03: Minimum Dry Bulb Temperature (deg C) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value MIN_MLY (Statistic 20): Minimum Monthly Value MAX_MLY (Statistic 26): Maximum Monthly Value ------------------------------------------ byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV MIN_MLY MAX_MLY Month ------------------------------------------ Jan 13.7 1.5 11.8 16.8 Feb 14.1 1.0 12.2 15.9 Mar 15.5 1.2 13.3 18.1 Apr 18.5 1.1 16.9 20.9 May 21.3 1.0 19.1 23.1 Jun 24.1 .7 22.8 25.4 Jul 25.5 .8 24.0 26.8 Aug 25.2 .5 24.4 26.1 Sep 24.1 .8 22.3 25.4 Oct 22.2 1.1 19.7 23.8 Nov 19.6 1.0 17.1 21.4 Dec 16.0 1.3 12.4 18.6 Annual 20.0 .4 19.1 20.8 Ann-NCDC 20.0 NA NA NA ------------------------------------------ Element 06: Precipitation (mm) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value MIN_MLY (Statistic 20): Minimum Monthly Value QUIN20% (Statistic 22): First Quintile QUIN40% (Statistic 23): Second Quintile QUIN60% (Statistic 24): Third Quintile QUIN80% (Statistic 25): Fourth Quintile MAX_MLY (Statistic 26): Maximum Monthly Value ------------------------------------------------------------------ byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MEANMLY MIN_MLY QUIN20% QUIN40% QUIN60% QUIN80% MAX_MLY Month ------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan 108.1 15.5 43.8 90.0 107.2 150.3 293.5 Feb 80.9 14.2 33.7 50.2 76.2 125.0 259.0 Mar 92.4 12.4 39.7 73.2 96.2 143.5 240.0 Apr 103.7 13.0 27.7 81.1 117.7 160.7 287.0 May 183.4 33.0 84.5 127.2 191.2 284.2 502.4 Jun 207.2 29.0 65.5 131.2 252.2 303.5 844.0 Jul 127.6 9.0 40.5 71.5 141.0 177.2 481.0 Aug 192.8 14.0 66.2 136.0 229.7 285.2 667.6 Sep 120.7 20.0 63.1 85.5 127.4 192.0 296.5 Oct 169.3 14.0 119.6 139.2 183.0 245.5 341.5 Nov 122.9 16.0 45.2 70.5 132.8 155.0 399.0 Dec 120.2 12.0 53.5 84.7 125.3 152.0 547.0 Annual 1629.0 1172.5 1337.2 1468.9 1687.3 1877.7 2664.6 Ann-NCDC 1629.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA ------------------------------------------------------------------ Element 09: Snowfall (cm) MNDLYMX (Statistic 09): Mean Daily Maximum Value MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value MIN_MLY (Statistic 20): Minimum Monthly Value MAX_MLY (Statistic 26): Maximum Monthly Value ------------------------------------------ byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MNDLYMX MEANMLY MIN_MLY MAX_MLY Month ------------------------------------------ Jan 0 0 0 0 Feb 0 0 0 0 Mar 0 0 0 0 Apr 0 0 0 0 May 0 0 0 0 Jun 0 0 0 0 Jul 0 0 0 0 Aug 0 0 0 0 Sep 0 0 0 0 Oct 0 0 0 0 Nov 0 0 0 0 Dec 0 0 0 0 Annual 0 0 0 0 Ann-NCDC NA 0.0 NA NA ------------------------------------------ Element 10: Snow Depth (cm) MAX_VAL (Statistic 04): Maximum Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 0 Feb 0 Mar 0 Apr 0 May 0 Jun 0 Jul 0 Aug 0 Sep 0 Oct 0 Nov 0 Dec 0 Annual 0 Ann-NCDC NA ------------------ Element 11: Relative Humidity (%) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value MN03LST (Statistic 73): Mean of Observations at 0300 LST MN09LST (Statistic 79): Mean of Observations at 0900 LST MN15LST (Statistic 85): Mean of Observations at 1500 LST MN21LST (Statistic 91): Mean of Observations at 2100 LST ---------------------------------------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV MN03LST MN09LST MN15LST MN21LST Month ---------------------------------------------------------- Jan 70 4 74 70 64 73 Feb 72 4 77 72 66 75 Mar 75 4 80 73 69 77 Apr 80 3 86 77 73 83 May 84 2 89 81 77 87 Jun 87 3 92 85 81 90 Jul 82 3 88 79 75 85 Aug 82 2 87 79 76 85 Sep 81 2 87 77 73 84 Oct 76 3 82 73 71 79 Nov 74 4 78 72 69 76 Dec 70 4 74 69 66 72 Annual 78 1 83 76 72 80 Ann-NCDC 77.8 NA 82.8 75.6 71.7 80.5 ---------------------------------------------------------- Element 12: Sea Level Pressure (hPa) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV Month -------------------------- Jan 1019.2 1.3 Feb 1018.7 1.5 Mar 1017.2 1.2 Apr 1015.4 1.2 May 1011.8 1.0 Jun 1009.7 1.6 Jul 1009.2 2.0 Aug 1007.4 2.4 Sep 1010.0 1.9 Oct 1013.4 1.5 Nov 1017.2 1.0 Dec 1019.2 1.1 Annual 1014.0 .4 Ann-NCDC 1014.0 NA -------------------------- Element 13: Station Pressure (hPa) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV Month -------------------------- Jan 1017.3 1.2 Feb 1016.8 1.6 Mar 1015.4 1.2 Apr 1013.5 1.2 May 1009.9 1.0 Jun 1007.9 1.5 Jul 1007.4 2.0 Aug 1005.6 2.4 Sep 1008.1 1.9 Oct 1011.5 1.5 Nov 1015.3 1.0 Dec 1017.3 1.1 Annual 1012.2 .4 Ann-NCDC 1012.2 NA -------------------------- Element 14: Vapor Pressure (hPa) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value STD_DEV (Statistic 03): Standard Deviation of Mean Value -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: MEAN STD_DEV Month -------------------------- Jan 13.9 1.8 Feb 14.7 1.7 Mar 16.6 1.7 Apr 20.7 1.8 May 25.1 1.2 Jun 29.8 1.0 Jul 31.2 1.0 Aug 30.9 .8 Sep 29.2 1.2 Oct 24.6 2.0 Nov 20.2 1.9 Dec 15.7 1.4 Annual 22.7 .5 Ann-NCDC 22.7 NA -------------------------- Element 15: Sunshine %OFPOSS (Statistic 37): Percent of Possible MN_#HRS (Statistic 44): Mean Number of Hours -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Statistic: %OFPOSS MN_#HRS Month -------------------------- Jan 35.0 117.3 Feb 36.0 114.0 Mar 38.0 141.4 Apr 45.0 171.5 May 43.0 177.0 Jun 49.0 200.2 Jul 63.0 262.4 Aug 58.0 233.4 Sep 62.0 227.4 Oct 51.0 181.3 Nov 38.0 122.7 Dec 33.0 106.5 Annual 46.0 2055.0 Ann-NCDC NA 2055.1 -------------------------- Element 16: Wind Speed (m/sec) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value ------------------ byr: 1975 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 3.5 Feb 3.8 Mar 3.8 Apr 3.8 May 3.8 Jun 4.0 Jul 3.6 Aug 4.4 Sep 3.4 Oct 3.8 Nov 4.2 Dec 3.7 Annual 3.8 Ann-NCDC 3.8 ------------------ Element 17: Wind Direction (degrees) Statistic 38: Frequency Qualifier: 022.5 degrees Qualifier: 045.0 degrees Qualifier: 067.5 degrees Qualifier: 090.0 degrees Qualifier: 112.5 degrees Qualifier: 135.0 degrees Qualifier: 157.5 degrees Qualifier: 180.0 degrees Qualifier: 202.5 degrees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- byr: 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 022.5 045.0 067.5 090.0 112.5 135.0 157.5 180.0 202.5 Month ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jan .150 .090 .070 .060 .040 .030 .040 .030 .020 Feb .120 .080 .070 .060 .050 .040 .050 .050 .040 Mar .070 .070 .070 .080 .060 .040 .060 .070 .060 Apr .070 .070 .100 .110 .080 .060 .060 .080 .070 May .060 .080 .120 .120 .070 .050 .070 .080 .100 Jun .030 .040 .060 .080 .070 .060 .110 .140 .140 Jul .020 .040 .070 .100 .090 .080 .090 .100 .080 Aug .020 .040 .090 .140 .130 .090 .090 .060 .050 Sep .070 .110 .110 .140 .110 .070 .070 .040 .040 Oct .150 .190 .170 .100 .050 .030 .030 .020 .010 Nov .190 .190 .150 .100 .050 .020 .020 .020 .010 Dec .220 .140 .090 .070 .040 .020 .020 .020 .010 Annual .100 .090 .100 .100 .070 .050 .060 .060 .050 Ann-NCDC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Element 17: Wind Direction (degrees) Statistic 38: Frequency Qualifier: 225.0 degrees Qualifier: 247.5 degrees Qualifier: 270.0 degrees Qualifier: 292.5 degrees Qualifier: 315.0 degrees Qualifier: 337.5 degrees Qualifier: 360.0 degrees ------------------------------------------------------------------ byr: 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 225.0 247.5 270.0 292.5 315.0 337.5 360.0 Month ------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan .020 .020 .020 .010 .050 .150 .210 Feb .030 .020 .020 .020 .070 .130 .150 Mar .060 .030 .020 .020 .060 .100 .110 Apr .070 .030 .030 .020 .030 .050 .070 May .090 .040 .020 .020 .020 .020 .040 Jun .140 .070 .030 .010 .010 .010 .010 Jul .090 .090 .050 .030 .030 .020 .030 Aug .060 .050 .050 .040 .030 .020 .020 Sep .050 .050 .040 .020 .020 .020 .050 Oct .020 .010 .020 .010 .020 .040 .110 Nov .010 .010 .010 .010 .020 .060 .130 Dec .010 .010 .010 .010 .030 .090 .200 Annual .050 .040 .030 .020 .030 .060 .090 Ann-NCDC NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ------------------------------------------------------------------ Element 17: Wind Direction (degrees) PREVAIL (Statistic 41): Prevailing ------------------ byr: 1975 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 360.0 Feb 360.0 Mar 360.0 Apr 90.0 May 90.0 Jun 180.0 Jul 90.0 Aug 90.0 Sep 90.0 Oct 45.0 Nov 45.0 Dec 22.5 Annual 67.5 Ann-NCDC NA ------------------ Element 20: Sky Cover (Cloud Cover) (okta) MEAN (Statistic 01): Mean Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 5.5 Feb 5.5 Mar 5.4 Apr 5.2 May 5.8 Jun 5.7 Jul 4.6 Aug 4.8 Sep 4.3 Oct 4.8 Nov 5.4 Dec 5.6 Annual 5.2 Ann-NCDC 5.2 ------------------ Element 33: Global Solar Radiation (MJ/m2) MEANDLY (Statistic 06): Mean Daily Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 10.0 Feb 11.8 Mar 14.2 Apr 17.5 May 18.6 Jun 20.0 Jul 21.7 Aug 19.8 Sep 19.1 Oct 14.7 Nov 10.9 Dec 9.4 Annual 15.6 Ann-NCDC NA ------------------ Element 51: Number Days with Thunder (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .2 Feb .4 Mar 1.2 Apr .9 May 1.5 Jun 1.6 Jul 2.0 Aug 2.0 Sep 1.1 Oct .9 Nov .4 Dec .3 Annual 12.6 Ann-NCDC 12.5 ------------------ Element 56: Number Days with Snowfall (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .0 Feb .0 Mar .0 Apr .0 May .0 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .0 Nov .0 Dec .0 Annual .0 Ann-NCDC 0.0 ------------------ Element 73: Number Days with no Sunshine (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 4.1 Feb 3.4 Mar 3.4 Apr 2.5 May 3.7 Jun 3.3 Jul 1.5 Aug 1.6 Sep 1.1 Oct 2.3 Nov 5.1 Dec 5.8 Annual 37.9 Ann-NCDC 37.8 ------------------ Element 83: Number Days Maximum Temperature GE Threshold (count) Statistic 15: Mean Monthly Value Qualifier: 25.0 deg C Qualifier: 30.0 deg C -------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 Qualifier: 25.0 30.0 Month -------------------------- Jan .7 .0 Feb .8 .0 Mar 3.2 .0 Apr 12.8 .0 May 25.7 1.3 Jun 28.9 10.6 Jul 31.0 26.5 Aug 31.0 25.4 Sep 30.0 21.8 Oct 29.5 5.2 Nov 15.9 * Dec 2.3 .0 Annual 211.6 90.8 Ann-NCDC 211.8 90.8 -------------------------- Element 86: Number Days Minimum Temperature GE Threshold (count) Qualifier: 25.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .0 Feb .0 Mar .0 Apr .0 May 1.0 Jun 11.6 Jul 19.9 Aug 19.3 Sep 11.6 Oct 3.4 Nov .1 Dec .0 Annual 66.9 Ann-NCDC 66.9 ------------------ Element 87: Number Days Mean Temperature GE Threshold (count) Qualifier: 25.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .0 Feb .0 Mar .0 Apr .8 May 9.8 Jun 23.5 Jul 30.8 Aug 30.9 Sep 28.6 Oct 17.4 Nov 2.1 Dec .0 Annual 143.8 Ann-NCDC 143.9 ------------------ Element 91: Number Days Maximum Temperature LT Threshold (count) Qualifier: 0.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .0 Feb .0 Mar .0 Apr .0 May .0 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .0 Nov .0 Dec .0 Annual .0 Ann-NCDC 0.0 ------------------ Element 93: Number Days Minimum Temperature LT Threshold (count) Qualifier: 0.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .0 Feb .0 Mar .0 Apr .0 May .0 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .0 Nov .0 Dec .0 Annual .0 Ann-NCDC 0.0 ------------------ Element 95: Number Days with Precipitation GE Threshold (count) Statistic 15: Mean Monthly Value Qualifier: 0.5 mm Qualifier: 1.0 mm Qualifier: 10.0 mm Qualifier: 30.0 mm Qualifier: 50.0 mm Qualifier: 70.0 mm Qualifier: 100.0 mm ------------------------------------------------------------------ byr: 1968 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 0.5 1.0 10.0 30.0 50.0 70.0 100.0 Month ------------------------------------------------------------------ Jan 10.8 9.5 3.1 1.0 .5 .1 .0 Feb 11.5 8.6 2.4 .6 .1 * .0 Mar 10.7 8.7 2.8 .9 .2 * .0 Apr 9.3 7.5 3.0 .9 .4 .2 .1 May 11.5 10.3 4.7 1.6 .8 .5 .3 Jun 11.7 10.6 5.0 2.1 1.3 .6 .2 Jul 11.0 10.0 3.0 1.1 .6 .4 .2 Aug 14.1 12.8 4.6 2.0 1.0 .5 .2 Sep 10.3 8.9 3.0 1.0 .6 .3 .1 Oct 10.9 9.7 3.7 1.9 1.0 .6 .3 Nov 11.5 9.7 3.0 1.2 .6 .2 .1 Dec 10.3 9.0 3.2 1.3 .5 .2 * Annual 133.4 115.3 41.5 15.5 7.5 3.6 1.5 Ann-NCDC 133.6 115.3 41.5 15.6 7.6 3.6 1.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Element BH: Number Days Mean Temperature LT Threshold (count) Qualifier: 0.0 deg C MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .0 Feb .0 Mar .0 Apr .0 May .0 Jun .0 Jul .0 Aug .0 Sep .0 Oct .0 Nov .0 Dec .0 Annual .0 Ann-NCDC 0.0 ------------------ Element BJ: Number Days with Fog (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1961 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan .1 Feb .9 Mar .9 Apr 2.4 May 2.9 Jun 1.6 Jul .4 Aug .5 Sep .8 Oct .6 Nov .2 Dec .1 Annual 11.4 Ann-NCDC 11.4 ------------------ Element BM: Number Days with Daily Maximum Wind Speed GE Threshold (count) Statistic 15: Mean Monthly Value Qualifier: 10.0 m/sec Qualifier: 15.0 m/sec Qualifier: 20.0 m/sec Qualifier: 30.0 m/sec ------------------------------------------ byr: 1975 1975 1975 1975 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 10.0 15.0 20.0 30.0 Month ------------------------------------------ Jan 1.4 .0 .0 .0 Feb 1.1 .0 .0 .0 Mar 1.4 .0 .0 .0 Apr .6 .0 .0 .0 May .9 .0 .0 .0 Jun .9 .2 .1 .0 Jul 1.8 .3 .3 .0 Aug 4.0 1.1 .4 .1 Sep 2.0 .8 .3 .0 Oct 2.1 .6 .4 .1 Nov 1.3 .3 .2 .0 Dec 1.0 .0 .0 .0 Annual 18.5 3.3 1.6 .1 Ann-NCDC 18.5 3.3 1.7 0.2 ------------------------------------------ Element BT: Number Days with Occurrence of Rain (count) MEANMLY (Statistic 15): Mean Monthly Value ------------------ byr: 1968 eyr: 1990 Month ------------------ Jan 21.7 Feb 19.0 Mar 18.5 Apr 15.5 May 18.1 Jun 18.6 Jul 19.2 Aug 22.3 Sep 19.5 Oct 19.0 Nov 19.7 Dec 21.4 Annual 232.4 Ann-NCDC 232.5 ------------------ Element BW: Number Days with Daily Maximum Snow Cover GE Threshold (count) Statistic 15: Mean Monthly Value Qualifier: 0.0 cm Qualifier: 5.0 cm Qualifier: 10.0 cm Qualifier: 20.0 cm Qualifier: 50.0 cm Qualifier: 100.0 cm ---------------------------------------------------------- byr: 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 1961 eyr: 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Qualifier: 0.0 5.0 10.0 20.0 50.0 100.0 Month ---------------------------------------------------------- Jan .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Feb .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Mar .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Apr .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 May .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Jun .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Jul .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Aug .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Sep .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Oct .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Nov .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Dec .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Annual .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Ann-NCDC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ----------------------------------------------------------